0x00 前言
自从有了WSL
,在Windows上部署各种服务也变得更加方便。最近,遇到一个问题,本地调试一些Web服务的时候,必须要使用80
端口,如果同时有两个服务都监听80
端口必然会导致冲突。而且,在Linux
中监听80
端口需要使用root
权限,每次启动的时候都要加上sudo
也挺麻烦的。
因此,想到可以利用nginx
的反向代理能力,在本地进行HTTP的转发,这样,每个服务就可以使用自己的端口了。
0x01 部署nginx
在WSL
上部署nginx,和Linux
下上是基本一致的。
我的WSL
中安装的是Ubuntu 18.04
,以下以该系统为例。
$ apt install nginx -y
由于默认配置监听的是0.0.0.0
地址,而我们只是本地使用,需要改成127.0.0.1
。
修改/etc/nginx/sites-available/default
文件中的listen 80 default_server;
为listen 127.0.0.1:80 default_server;
,并注释掉listen [::]:80 default_server;
(不需要开启ipv6)。
启动nginx服务:
service nginx start
注意:不能使用
systemctl
命令。
0x02 添加反向代理配置
在/etc/nginx/conf.d
目录中添加一个配置文件service.conf
,内容如下:
##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
# Default server configuration
#
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:80;
# listen [::]:80 default_server;
# SSL configuration
#
# listen 443 ssl default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
#
# Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
# See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
#
# Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
# See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
#
# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
# Don't use them in a production server!
#
# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;
root /var/www/html;
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
server_name service.com; # 此处替换为对应服务的域名,可以通过配置hosts文件来指向127.0.0.1
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
# pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
#
# # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
# # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
每个服务添加一个对应的.conf
文件,然后重新加载nginx服务:
$ service nginx reload
0x03 nginx常用配置方法
location /api/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
}
这种方法表示转发整个路径,如:/api/test/
会转发到http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/test/
location /api/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000/;
}
这种方法表示转发/api/
后的路径,如:/api/test/
会转发到http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/
location = / {
}
这种表示完全匹配,具有最高优先级
location ^~ /images/ {
}
这种表示匹配所有以/images/
开头的url,优先级仅次于=
location ~*.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
}
使用正则方式匹配,这里表示所有以gif
、jpg
、jpeg
结尾的请求
location / {
}
匹配任意请求,优先级最低
0x04 总结
WSL
极大简化了在Windows上部署各种服务的流程,同时,也可以学习Linux上的常用操作,可谓一举两得。
自从有了WSL
,Windows也变得从未如此友好!